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The Pensive Citadel

With a Foreword by Christy Wampole
A reflective volume of essays on literature and literary study from a storied professor.

In The Pensive Citadel, Victor Brombert looks back on a lifetime of learning within a university world greatly altered since he entered Yale on the GI Bill in the 1940s. Yet for all that has changed, much of Brombert’s long experience as a reader and teacher is richly familiar: the rewards of rereading, the joy of learning from students, and most of all the insight to be found in engaging works of literature. The essays gathered here range from meditations on laughter and jealousy to new appreciations of Brombert’s lifelong companions Shakespeare, Montaigne, Voltaire, and Stendhal. 

A veteran of D-day and the Battle of the Bulge who witnessed history’s worst nightmares firsthand, Brombert nevertheless approaches literature with a lightness of spirit, making the case for intellectual mobility and openness to change. The Pensive Citadel is a celebration of a life lived in literary study, and of what can be learned from attending to the works that form one’s cultural heritage.

192 pages | 5 1/2 x 8 1/2 | © 2023

Literature and Literary Criticism: Romance Languages

Reviews

The Pensive Citadel offers an elegiac account of a life as reader and teacher—and lover of literature who knows how to share that love.”

Peter Brooks, Yale University

The Pensive Citadel is an engaging and persuasive plea for the central importance of literature to a well-rounded existence and a vigorous life of the mind. Brombert deftly weaves his own experiences and his changing responses to works of literature into his readings and rereadings. In this book, he successfully answers a question he often discussed with his students: Do literary works merely provide a higher form of entertainment, or is the printed word the revelation of a dialogue we carry on with ourselves? It is most emphatically both and more.”

Tess Lewis, writer, essayist, and translator

“There is an old-fashioned pleasure in reading these essays and being so intimately in the company of its witty, reflective, and deeply read author. I suggest beginning at the end with ‘The Permanent Sabbatical’ and then moving on to ‘In Praise of Jealousy?’ round the middle and then on to the rest. One cannot go wrong.”

Thomas W. Laqueur, University of California, Berkeley

"Retired Princeton University comparative literature professor Brombert reflects on his life in academia in this ruminative essay collection. . . . Brombert’s enthusiastic takes on the French classics show what made him a beloved professor, but the reverent accounts of university life and detailed discussions of navigating trends in literary criticism will hold the most appeal for fellow academics. Literature scholars will want to check this out."

Publishers Weekly

"Brombert’s book mingles memoir and what might be called literary contemplation rather than conventional academic criticism. His text is an acknowledgment of intellectual and literary debts, and he celebrates our much-abused and neglected inheritance."

The New Criterion

“The Berlin-born centenarian scholar Victor Brombert has published a swan-song anthology of essays on his teaching career and literary enthusiasms, among them Montaigne, Molière and Malraux. . . his book brings to life a bygone age with self-effacing humor and irreverence.”

Times Literary Supplement

Table of Contents

Foreword by Christy Wampole
Preface
Part I In Nostalgia
1 The Pensive Citadel
2 Between Two Worlds
3 What Existentialism Meant to Us
4 Cleopatra at Yale
5 “Brombingo!”—Learning from Students
Part II The Ludic Mode
6 The Paradox of Laughter
7 In Praise of Jealousy?
8 On Rereading
Part III The French Connection
9 Lessons of Montaigne
10 The Audacities of Molière’s Don Juan
11 The Bitterness of Candide
12 Encounters with Monsieur Beyle
13 Baudelaire: Visions of Paris
14 The Year of the Eiffel Tower
15 Malraux and the World of Violence
Part IV The Exit
16 The Permanent Sabbatical
Acknowledgments
Index

Excerpt

The early morning hours were the most difficult. Lying in bed in the rented room next to the funeral parlor, I listened to the engines of the limousines lining up in the adjacent driveway, ready to convey their coffined loads to the town’s periphery. 

Thoughts drifted. It was difficult enough to get started on drizzly days, but even more so when the early rays of the sun intruded with insistent irony. Half awake, I was afraid to fall asleep again and not make it in time all the way to Phelps Hall, where I was to meet my class. I had already been late several times, and as a teaching graduate student I was vulnerable to occasional unannounced inspections. Yet I looked forward to facing my students. I had overheard senior professors talk enviously of sabbaticals. For me, those were at that point only distant mirages. In the present, it was fun to make my freshmen repeat “C’est rond, c’est long, c’est bon”—the slightly salacious words uttered with inescapable innuendo by the fictional Mireille in the Méthode Orale, our textbook in  this intensive language course. 

That was more than six decades ago. Presently, the emeritus professor seated on a bench with a missing slat in Parc Monceau, at the edge of the 8th Arrondissement, muses on the actual sabbaticals that punctuated his academic life. A film in rewind. The self takes on the features of a character in a third-person narration. He and I absorb impressions of the park: the fake ruined colonnades, the duck-filled pond, the groomed flowerbeds, the couples snuggling on nearby benches, the employees munching their luncheon sandwiches on the grass, the neoclassical rotunda that was once a toll station at the entrance of Paris and now houses public toilets. 

On my bench, I ponder the meaning of the word “sabbatical.” It pleases me to think that beyond the obvious reference to an extended academic leave every seven years for the purpose of renewal and research, the word had more venerable meanings associated with the number seven: the seventh day of creation, when the Lord rested; the seventh day of the week, meant to be a day of repose, reverence, and spiritual meditation; the seventh year during which the land was to remain untilled and allowed to rest according to religious law, and all debts remitted. As for the witches’ sabbath, it carried distinct perverse and therefore seductive undertones, referring as it does to demonic nocturnal revels. Somehow sabbatical had become for me a metaphor evoking the broader enticements of life. 

In a sense, my academic existence began in a sabbatical mode: an entire year on a Fulbright fellowship in Rome to finish my dissertation on Stendhal, the great lover of Italy. In the immediate post–World War II years, Rome was still awaking from nightmarish times, recorded in neorealistic films such as Roberto Rossellini’s Rome, Open City and Vittorio De Sica’s The Bicycle Thief. Peace had returned, but Italians were profoundly divided as the new Cold War intensified. Riot squads in jeeps—the celere created by the minister of the interior, Mario Scelba, known as the “Iron Sicilian”—were protecting the US Embassy and suppressing turbulent left-wing street protests as well as neofascist rallies. But by 1950, Rome once again began to transcend contemporary history, and the newly wed Fulbright couple, in quest of historic perspectives and poetic sensations, was discovering the legendary hills of the Eternal City, but also the more popular quarters, as Bettina and I followed the footsteps of Stendhal, using his writings about Rome as guide and inspiration. 

Our walks often led us up to the church of San Pietro in Montorio on the Janiculum. There was decidedly no escape from Stendhal. As I directed my view toward the multilayered monuments of Rome, and beyond them, to the Pincio and the gardens of villa Borghese, I recalled vividly the opening pages of Stendhal’s autobiographical Life of Henry Brulard, which I had recently examined with pencil in hand. In this magical overture, the author finds himself on a sunny and slightly windy fall day near the same San Pietro in Montorio, perhaps on the same spot where we stood. At a great distance, he distinguishes Monte Albano and Castel Gandolfo, but his eyes focus on the topography and the monuments of the great city, the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, the Tiber, Monte Cavallo, the orchard of a monastery, the Appian Way—a vast panorama with its architectural layers of time blending in his imagination with the vistas of his own life, which he sets out to survey with bemusement and quasi-paternal affection while fully aware of aging and mortality. The historical times of ancient and modern Rome blend with the temporal layers of his personal history in these lyric reminiscences that come to the surface in their transient simultaneity. Memory and reveries exchange their riches, while he begins to see himself as a fictional character. 

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