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Distributed for Brandeis University Press

Israel in the Middle East

Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre-1948 to the Present

Distributed for Brandeis University Press

Israel in the Middle East

Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre-1948 to the Present

This timely anthology, completely revised and updated from the original edition in 1984, provides convenient access to the most significant documents of the Zionist movement since 1882 and of Israel’s domestic and foreign policy issues between 1948 and 2006. Comprised largely of primary sources from Israeli, Arab, and American records, documents encompass not only political and diplomatic history but economic, cultural, legal and social aspects of the region as well. The second edition also addresses areas not covered by the 1984 volume: a new chapter on the pre-state period, additional documents that reflect the Palestinian perspective, and the voices of women. Divided into seven chronological sections, documents are introduced by an overview of the entire era. They are annotated and preceded by explanatory headnotes.

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Table of Contents

List of Maps • Preface • Introduction Zionism and the Mandate, 1882–1948 Timeline • Manifesto, Summer 1882 – Bilu • Auto-Emancipation, October 17, 1882 – Leon Pinsker • A Solution of the Jewish Question, January 17, 1896 – Theodor Herzl • The Basle Program, August 31, 1897 – First Zionist Congress • The First Zionist Congress, August–September 1897 – Ahad Ha’am • The Collective, 1904–1909: Memoir – Manya Shochat • Balfour Declaration, November 2, 1917 – Lord Balfour, for the British Cabinet • Zionist Manifesto, December 21, 1917 – London Bureau of the Zionist Organization • Palestine White Paper, June 3, 1922 – Winston Churchill, for the British Government • Mandate for Palestine, July 24, 1922 – Council of the League of Nations • The Iron Wall, November 4, 1923 – Vladimir (Zeev) Jabotinsky • Report Conclusions, July 7, 1937 – Peel Commission • The Arab Awakening, 1938 – George Antonius • White Paper, May 17, 1939 – Malcolm MacDonald, for the British Government • The Biltmore Program, May 11, 1942 – Emergency Committee of Zionist Affairs • Charter, March 22, 1945 – League of Arab States • Status-Quo Agreement, June 19, 1947 – David Ben-Gurion, for the Jewish Agency Executive • Proposals to the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, July 23, 1947 – Ihud • Resolution 181, November 29, 1947 – United Nations General Assembly • Meeting of the National Administration and the Formation of a Provisional Government of Israel, May 12, 1948: Memoir – Zeev Sharef The New State of Israel, 1948–1956 Timeline Domestic Issues Proclamation of the State of Israel,May 14, 1948 – Jewish Agency Executive • The War of Independence, May 1948: Memoir – David Ben-Gurion • First Ordinance of the State of Israel, May 19, 1948 – Provisional Government of Israel • Ordinance on the Israel Defense Forces, May 26, 1948 – Provisional Government of Israel • Declaration of a Provisional Palestinian Civil Administration, July 10, 1948 – League of Arab States • Resolution 194, December 11, 1948 – United Nations General Assembly • Jewish Religion and Israeli Democracy, 1948–1953: Memoir and Analysis – Isaac Olshan • The Debate on a Constitution, February 1 and June 13, 1950 – Israel First Knesset • The Law of Return, July 5, 1950 – Israel First Knesset • The Absorption of Immigrants, August 1951 – Giora Josephtal • The German Reparations, December 1951–March 1952: Memoir – Nahum Goldmann • The Transformation of the Israeli Army, 1952–1955: Memoir – Moshe Dayan • Memorandum on the Mishap in Egypt, October 1954 – Benyamin Givli • Foreign Policy Issues The Jordanian-Israeli Negotiations, March 22–23, 1949: Memoir – Abdullah al-Tal • Armistice Agreement between Syria and Israel, July 20, 1949 • Report Conclusions, November 20, 1951 – United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine • The Challenge of the Fedayeen, February–August 1955: Analysis – Ehud Yaari • Israel’s Foreign and Middle Eastern Policy, May 28, 1955 - Moshe Sharett • The Clash with David Ben-Gurion over Defense Policies, July 31, 1955 - Moshe Sharett • The Quest for Arms, 1948–1967: Memoir – Shimon Peres • The Anderson Mission, January–March 1956: Memoir – Yaacov Herzog • The Background to the Sinai Campaign, November 1956: Memoir – Yaacov Herzog • Israel and the Jewish Diaspora, 1948–1959: Analysis – Walter Eytan From the Sinai Campaign to the Six-Day War, 1956–1967 Timeline Domestic Issues The Development Town, 1956–1966: Analysis – Emmanuel Marx • Social and Ethnic Tensions in Wadi Salib, 1959: Memoir – David Ben-Gurion • The Capture of Adolf Eichmann, May 24 and August 8, 1960 – David Ben-Gurion • The Lavon Affair, 1961: Analysis – J. L. Talmon • Jewish Religion and Israeli Nationality: The Brother Daniel Case, March 14, November 19, December 6, 1962 – Israel Supreme Court • The Transition from David Ben-Gurion to Levi Eshkol, June 1963: Memoir – Teddy Kollek • The Formation of a Center–Right-Wing Bloc, February–May 1965: Memoir – Yohanan Bader • From “Israeli Arabs” to “Israel’s Palestinian Citizens,”1948–1996: Analysis – Itamar Rabinovich Foreign Policy Issues The Formulation of the Eisenhower Doctrine, January–March 1957 – Dwight David Eisenhower • David Ben-Gurion and the Policy of the Periphery, 1958: Analysis – Michael Bar-Zohar • David Ben-Gurion and Israel’s Regional and International Position, 1958: Analysis – Michael Bar-Zohar • Israel’s Beginnings in Africa, 1956–1973: Memoir – Ehud Avriel • American Arms for Israel, 1960–1964: Memoir – Shimon Peres • The Arab Summit Conferences, May 31, 1965 – Gamal Abdul Nasser • The Conflict with Israel, March 1966 – Syrian Ba’ath Party • The Last Stages of the Crisis, May 1967: Memoir – Yitzhak Rabin • The Nasser-Hussein Reconciliation, May 1967: Memoir – Zayd al-Rifa’i Years of Euphoria, 1967–1973 Timeline Domestic Issues Administering the West Bank, June 1967: Analysis – Shabtai Teveth • The Conflict between Moshe Dayan and Pinhas Sapir, 1968: Analysis – Shabtai Teveth • The Israeli Left, 1970: Analysis – Amnon Rubinstein • The Black Panthers, 1971: Analysis – Lea Ben-Dor Foreign Policy Issues The Land-for-Peace Principle, June 19, 1967 – Government of Israel • The Soviet Union and the Six-Day War, June 19, 1967 – Alexei Kosygin • The Khartoum Resolutions, September 1, 1967 – Fourth Arab Summit Conference • Resolution 242, November 22, 1967 – United Nations Security Council • The Palestine National Charter, July 17, 1968 – Palestine Liberation Organization • The War of Attrition, 1968–1970: Memoir – Ezer Weizman • The Jordanian Crisis, September 1970: Memoir – Yitzhak Rabin • Political Program, January 12, 1973 – Palestine Liberation Organization • The Eve of the Yom Kippur War, Spring–Summer 1973: Memoir – Hanoch Bartov • The Turning Point in the Yom Kippur War, October 16, 1973 – David Elazar • The Yom Kippur War, October 1973: Analysis – Mordechai Gazit War, Peace, and War Again, 1973–1982 Timeline Domestic Issues Interim Report, April 1, 1974 – Agranat Commission • The Protest Movements in the Aftermath of the Yom Kippur War, June 7, 1974 – Motti Ashkenazi • Israel’s Road to Feminism, 1973–2000: Analysis – Hanna Herzog • Prospects for the New Government, May 19–20, 1977 – Menahem Begin • The Ideology of the National Religious Party, 1977: Analysis – Yehuda Ben-Meir • Opinion Paper, January 1978 – Gush Emunim • A Soviet Jewish Intellectual Abroad, December 1978 – Simon Markish • Manifesto, March 25, 1979 – National Committee for the Defense of Arab Lands • Platform, 1980 – Peace Now • The 1981 Elections, Fall 1981: Analysis – Asher Arian Foreign Policy Issues Resolution 338, October 22, 1973 – United Nations Security Council • Decision to Accept Resolution 338, October 22, 1973 – Israeli Cabinet • The Six-Point Agreement between Egypt and Israel, November 11, 1973 • Sixth Arab Summit Conference, Algiers, Overview and Resolutions, November 28, 1973 – League of Arab States • Egyptian-Israeli Disengagement, December 1973–January 1974: Analysis – William B. Quandt • Memorandum of Understanding between the United States and Israel, January 18, 1974 • Seventh Arab Summit Conference, Rabat Resolutions, October 29, 1974 – League of Arab States • Political Program, June 9, 1974 – Palestine Liberation Organization • Disengagement Agreement between Egypt and Israel, September 4, 1975 • Memorandum of Agreement between the United States and Israel regarding the Geneva Peace Conference, September 17, 1975 • Resolution 3379 (Anti-Zionist Resolution), November 10, 1975 – United Nations General Assembly • Speech to the General Assembly on the Anti-Zionist Resolution, November 10, 1975 – Chaim Herzog • The United States and the Palestinian Issue, December 1, 1975 – Harold H. Saunders • Yigal Allon in the Palace of the Shah, August 1976: Memoir – Uri Lubrani • Speeches to the Knesset, November 20, 1977 – Anwar Sadat and Menahem Begin • Autonomy Plan, December 28, 1977 – Government of Israel • Resolutions 425 and 426, March 19, 1978 – United Nations Security Council • Camp David Accords, September 17, 1978 • Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt, March 26, 1979 • The West Bank and Gaza within the Framework of a Middle East Peace Settlement, 1948–1979: Analysis – Yigal Allon • A Survey of Israel’s Contacts with Jordan, April 25, 1980: Analysis – Moshe Zak • The Reagan Peace Plan, September 1, 1982 – Ronald Reagan • The War in Lebanon, Summer 1982: Memoir – Ariel Sharon • Report on the 1982 War in Lebanon, February 7, 1983 – Kahan Commission From War in Lebanon to Hope for Peace in Madrid, 1982–1991 Timeline Domestic Issues On Behalf of Pluralism, December 1982 – Amos Oz • The New Historiography: Israel Confronts Its Past, Autumn 1988: Analysis of 1947–1949 – Benny Morris • The “New Historians”: The Past Is Not a Foreign Country, 1988–1996: Analysis – Anita Shapira • The Quandaries of an Israeli Minister of Absorption, 1989–1994: Memoir – Yair Tzaban • The Ethiopian Emigration, May 1991: Memoir – Micha Feldman Foreign Policy Issues The Hezbollah Program: An Open Letter, February 16, 1985 – Hezbollah • The London Agreement between Jordan and Israel, April 11, 1987 • The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement, August 18, 1988 – Hamas • The Madrid Middle East Peace Conference, October 30–November 2, 1991: Memoir – James A. Baker Chapter 7. A Decade of Hope, 1991–2000 Timeline Domestic Issues Position Papers, 1988 – Meimad • Speech to the Knesset on the 1992 Elections, July 13, 1992 – Yitzhak Rabin • Alice Miller v. Minister of Defense, November 8, 1995 – Israel Supreme Court • United Mizrahi Bank v. Migdal Cooperative Village, November 9, 1995 – Israel Law Review • Report on Yitzhak Rabin’s Assassination, 1996 – Shamgar Commission • Arye Deri’s Speech of April 23, 1997: Analysis – Aryeh Dayan • Report on the Conversion Law, January 22, 1998 – Neeman Commission • Arab Citizens of Palestine: Little to Celebrate, 1998:Analysis – Azmi Bishara • A Russian Immigrant Looks at Israeli (or Jewish?) Culture, 1998: Analysis – Anna Isakova • The 1996 and 1999 Elections in Israel, 1996, 1999: Analysis – Reuven Y. Hazan • Between the Lines of the Election Results, May 24, 1999 – Avirama Golan • Report on Clashes between the Security Forces and Israeli Citizens in October 2000, September 1, 2003 – Orr Commission • Revolution and Counterrevolution: The Israel Supreme Court from the 1980s Onward, 1980–2004: Analysis – Ehud Eiran Foreign Policy Issues The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations, August 1993: Analysis – Itamar Rabinovich • Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, September 13, 1993 • Peace Treaty between Jordan and Israel, October 26, 1994 • Speech to the Knesset, October 27, 1994 – William Jefferson Clinton • Opposition to Any Accommodation with Israel, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999 – Hamas • Oslo II Accords between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, September 28, 1995 • Amendment to the Palestine National Charter, May 4, 1996 – Palestinian Authority • Wye River Memorandum between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, October 23, 1998 • The Appeal of the Palestinian People on the Fiftieth Anniversary of al-Naqba, 1948–1998 – Mahmoud Darwish • Resolution on Withdrawal from Lebanon, March 5, 2000 – Government of Israel • Proposal for Israeli-Palestinian Peace, December 23, 2000 – William Jefferson Clinton • Evolution of Palestinian-Israeli Negotiations, 2000–2001: Analysis – Martin Indyk • Mitchell Report, May 4, 2001 – Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Postscript, after 2000 Timeline The Arab Peace Initiative (Beirut Declaration), March 28, 2002 – League of Arab States • Remarks on the Middle East, June 24, 2002 – George W. Bush • A Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, April 30, 2003 – Government of the United States • Israel and Iraq after the Fall of Saddam Hussein, March 2004 – Gal Luft • Resolution regarding the Disengagement Plan, June 6, 2004 – Government of Israel • Speech to the World without Zionism Conference, Teheran, October 28, 2005 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad • Speech to the Arab Lawyers Union Annual Convention, January 21, 2006 – Bashar al-Assad • Speech to the Knesset on Israel’s New Government, May 4, 2006 – Ehud Olmert • Speech to the Knesset on the Israeli-Hezbollah Summer War, July 17, 2006 – Ehud Olmert • Resolution 1701, August 11, 2006 – United Nations Security Council • Speech at the Rabin Memorial Ceremony, Tel Aviv, November 4, 2006 – David Grossman Appendices Appendix 1. Presidents of the State of Israel, 1949–2007 • Appendix 2. Chiefs of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, 1939–2007 • Appendix 3. Governments of Israel, 1948–2006 • Appendix 4. Valid Votes for Prime Minister Elections, 1996, 1999, 2001 • Appendix 5. Jewish and Non-Jewish Population of Palestine-Israel, 1517–2004 • Appendix 6. Jewish Settlements Established in Palestine, Israel, and the Administered Territories by Region and Period of Settlement, before 1870–1997 • Appendix 7. Immigration to Israel, 1948–2004 • Appendix 8. Immigrants to Israel from Arab Countries, 1948–2004 • Appendix 9. American Immigration to Israel, 1948–2004 • Appendix 10. Jewish Immigration to Israel from the Soviet Union and Former Soviet Union, 1968–2004 • Appendix 11. Change in Level of Consumer Price Indices, 1973–2005 • Appendix 12. Number of Institutions and Students in the Educational System, 1948–2005 Glossary • Index

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