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Islamic Liberalism

A Critique of Development Ideologies

The resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism in the 1980s influenced many in the Islamic world to reject Western norms of liberal rationality and to return, instead, to their own tradition for political and cultural inspiration. This rejection of foreign thought threatens to end the centuries-long dialogue between Islam and the West, a dialogue that has produced a nascent Middle Eastern liberalism, along with many less desirable forms of discourse. With Islamic Liberalism, Leonard Binder hopes to reinvigorate that dialogue, asking whether political liberalism can take root in the Middle East without a vigorous Islamic liberalism. But, Binder asks, is an Islamic liberalism possible?

The Islamic political community presents special problems to the development of an indigenous liberalism. That community is conceived of as divinely ordained, and its notions of the good are to be derived from scriptural revelation, not arrived at through rational discourse. Liberal politics would seem to stand little chance of surviving in such an atmosphere, let alone thriving.

Binder responds to the challenge of Edward Said’s critique of Orientalism, of a range of neo-Marxian development theorists, of Sayyid Qutb’s fundamentalist vision, of Samir Amin’s vision of Egypt’s role in the Arab awakening, of Tariq al-Bishri’s new populism, of Zaki Najib Mahmud’s pragmatism, and the structuralism of Arkoun and Laroui. The deconstruction of these varied texts produces a number of persuasive hermeneutical conclusions that are sequentially woven together in a critical argument that refocuses our attention on the central question of political freedom and democracy. In the course of constructing this argument, Binder reopens the dialogue between Western modernity and Islamic authenticity and reveals the surprising extent to which there is a convergent interest in liberal, democratic, civil society. Finally, in a concluding chapter, he addresses the prospects for liberalism in the three major bourgeois states of Islam—Egypt, Turkey, and Iran.

414 pages | 6 x 9 | © 1988

Middle Eastern Studies

Political Science: Comparative Politics

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Note on Translation and Transliteration
1. Introduction
2. The Natural History of Development Theory, with a Discordant Note on the Middle East
3. Deconstructing Orientalism
4. ’Ali ’Abd al-Raziq and Islamic Liberalism: The Rejected Alternative
5. The Religious Aesthetic of Sayyid Qutb: A Non-Scriptural Fundamentalism
6. Islam and Capitalism
7. Nationalism, Liberalism, and the Islamic Heritage: The Political Thought of Tariq al-Bishri
8. The Hermeneutic of Authenticity
9. Conclusion: The Prospects for Liberal Government in the Middle East
Notes
Name Index
Subject Index

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