"Dual Justice is an argument for creating the kind of society in which we should all wish to live. Grasso argues our existing carceral and regulatory institutions are instead sources of inequality and crime. Dual Justice proposes the possibility of a future our nation desperately needs."

John Hagan | Northwestern University

“Dual Justice makes a striking, original contribution to our understanding of the roots of American public policy’s disparate treatment of different kinds of criminal behavior. Grasso traces the fascinating history of the divergent ideological frameworks that underlie criminal justice policy and policy toward white-collar crime: the idea of regulation vs. the rehabilitative ideal. Fascinatingly and convincingly, he traces both of these patterns to a common origin: the social Darwinism of the late nineteenth century.”

Robert C. Lieberman | Johns Hopkins University

“Dual Justice recasts the history of America's carceral state as the successful embedding of a dual faced ideology about law breaking towards the poor and the business elite into our politics and legal culture. Grasso makes a comprehensive, effective case for how this synthesis of ideas about crime in both academia and policy making laid the foundation for the extreme punitiveness of today's carceral state.”

Jonathan Simon | University of California, Berkeley