Cauldrons in the Cosmos
Nuclear Astrophysics

Preface
1 Astronomy-Observing the Universe
1.1.2 Radio Astronomy
1.1.3 Space Astronomy
1.2.2 Normal Stars and Clusters of Stars
1.2.3 Unusual Stars
1.2.3.1 Eclipsing Stars
1.2.3.2 Eruptive Stars
1.2.3.3 Pulsating Stars
1.2.3.4 Planetary Nebulae
1.2.3.5 X-Ray Stars
1.2.4 Our Galaxy-the Milky Way
1.2.5 Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies
1.2.6 Radio Galaxies and Quasars
1.2.7 The Universe
1.3.2 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
1.3.3 Mass-Luminosity Relation of Main-Sequence Stars
1.3.4 The Expansion of the Universe and Hubble's Law
1.3.5 The Universal Background Radiation
1.3.6 Quasars as Probes of the Distant Universe
2.1.2 Basic Physics and Dynamics ofthe Standard Big-Bang Model
2.1.3 Evolution of the Early Universe
2.1.4 Versions of the Big-Bang Universe
2.1.5 The Beginning of the Standard Universe
2.1.6 Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry and the Origin of Baryons
2.1.7 The Inflationary Universe
2.2.2 Ashes of the Primeval Big Bang
2.2.3 Implications of Primordial Nucleosynthesis
2.4 Physical State of the Stellar Interior
2.4.2 Equation of State of Normal Stars
2.4.3 Effects of the Chemical Composition
2.4.4 Stored Energy of a Star
2.4.5 Thermal Equilibrium
2.4.6 Energy Transport Mechanisms
2.4.7 Magnitude of Stellar Luminosities
2.4.8 The Mass-Luminosity Relation and Stellar Lifetimes
2.4.9 Stellar Stability
2.4.10 Equation of State for Degenerate Matter
2.4.11 Theory of White Dwarfs
2.4.12 Neutron Stars
2.4.13 Black Holes
2.5.2 From Nebulae to the Main Sequence
2.5.3 Main-Sequence Stars
2.5.4 Endpoints of Stellar Evolution
2.7 Evolution of Binary Systems
2.7.2 The Nova Phenomenon
2.7.3 X-Ray Stars
2.7.4 Supernovae of Type I
3.2 Cross Section
3.3 Stellar Reaction Rate
3.4 Mean Lifetime
3.5 Maxwell-Boltzmann Velocity Distribution
3.6 Inverse Reactions
3.7 Energy Production
4.2 Charged-Particle-Induced Nonresonant Reactions
4.3 Reactions through Isolated and Narrow Resonances
4.4 Reactions through Broad Resonances
4.5 Subthreshold Resonances
4.6 Summary
5.1.1.2 Arc-Discharge Ion Source
5.1.1.3 Duo-Plasmatron Ion Source
5.1.1.4 Penning Ion Source
5.1.1.5 RF Ion Source
5.1.1.6 Hollow-Cathode Ion Source
5.1.1.7 Sputter Ion source
5.1.2.2 Cockcroft-Walton Accelerator
5.1.2.3 Dynamitron Accelerator
5.1.2.4 Tandem Accelerator
5.1.2.5 Cyclotron
5.1.2.6 Linac
5.1.4 Analysis of Beam Properties
5.1.5 Beam Integration
5.2.2 Gas Targets
5.3.2 Neutron Detectors
5.3.3 Gamma-Ray Detectors
5.4.2 Detection of Reaction Products
5.4.3 Activity Method
5.4.4 Time-of-Flight Techniques
5.5.2 Factors Affecting the Reaction Yield
5.5.3 Reaction Yield and Experimental Observation
5.5.4 Measurement of Excitation Functions
5.5.5 Measurement of Angular Distributions
5.5.6 Absolute Cross Section and Resonance Strength
5.6.2 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
5.6.3 Radioactive Ion Beams
5.6.4 Storage Rings
6.1.2 Burning of Deuterium
6.1.3 Burning of 3He and Completion of the p-p-I Chain
6.1.4 Stellar Fates of 7Be
6.1.5 The Three p-p Chains
6.1.6 Laboratory Approach to p-p Chain Reactions
6.1.6.2 The 3He(3He, 2p)4He Reaction
6.1.6.3 The Capture Reaction 3He(a, y)7Be
6.1.6.4 Termination of the p-p Chains II and III
6.1.6.5 Processes Involving the Weak Force
6.2.2 The CNO Bi-cycle
6.2.3 The Discovery of Additional Cycles
6.2.4 Consequences of the CNO Cycles
6.3.2 The MgAI Cycle
6.3.3 Elemental Abundances
7.2 The Survival of 12C in Red Giants
7.2.2 Measurements of the 12C(a, y) 16O Reaction
7.2.3 Elemental Abundances
7.4 Other Helium-Burning Reactions
7.5 Perspectives on Helium-Burning Reactions
8.1.2 Intermediate Structure in the Continuum
8.1.3 Gross Energy Dependence
8.2.2 Photodisintegration in Silicon Burning
8.2.3 The Nuclear Physics of Silicon Burning
8.3.2 Theories of Supernovae of Type II
8.3.3 Explosive Nucleosynthesis
8.3.4 Nuclear Physics Aspects of Explosive Burning
9.2 Neutron-Capture Cross Sections
9.3 Basic Mechanisms for Nucleosynthesis beyond Iron
9.4 The s-Process
9.5 The r-Process
9.6 Nucleocosmochronology-the Age of the Chemical Elements
10.1.2 The Standard Solar Model
10.1.3 Detection of Solar Neutrinos
10.1.4 Suggested Solutions
10.2.2 The Discovery of Isotopic Anomalies
10.2.3 Oxygen Isotopic Anomalies
10.2.4 Magnesium and the Discovery of Extinct 26A1
10.2.5 Neon and Extinct 22Na
10.2.6 Conclusions
10.3.2 Properties of Galactic Cosmic Rays
10.3.3 Production of Li, Be, and B via Spallation
Appendix: Notation and Units
References
Index
Association of American Publishers: PROSE Book Award
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Physical Sciences: Astronomy and Astrophysics | Physics and Astronomy
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