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The Constitutional Underclass

Gays, Lesbians, and the Failure of Class-Based Equal Protection

When the Supreme Court struck down Colorado’s Amendment 2—which would have nullified all state and local laws protecting gays and lesbians from discrimination—it was widely regarded as a victory for gay rights. Yet many gays and lesbians still risk losing their jobs, custody of their children, and even their liberty under the law. Using the Colorado initiative as his focus, Gerstmann untangles the complex standards and subtle rhetoric the Supreme Court uses to apply the equal protection clause.

The Court divides people into legal classes that receive varying levels of protection; gays and lesbians and other groups, such as the elderly and the poor, receive the least. Gerstmann reveals how these standards are used to favor certain groups over others, and also how Amendment 2 advocates used the Court’s doctrine to convince voters that gays and lesbians were seeking "special rights" in Colorado.

Concluding with a call for wholesale reform of equal-protection jurisprudence, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in fair, coherent, and truly equal protection under the law.


206 pages | 3 tables | 6 x 9 | © 1999

Law and Legal Studies: Law and Society

Political Science: American Government and Politics

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Part I: The Conundrum of Class-Based Equal Protection
1. The Failure of Equal Protection
2. Equal Protection and the Development of the Tiered Framework of Judicial Scrutiny
3. The Three-Tiered Framework as a System of Exclusion
Part II: The Impact of Class-Based Equal Protection on Gays and Lesbians
4. Class-Based Analysis and the Courts
5. Class-Based Analysis and the Public Debate over Amendment 2
6. The Judicial Response to Amendment 2
Part III: Moving Forward: A New Direction for Equal Protection
7. Moving Away from Class-Based Analysis
Bibliography
Index

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