The Herculaneum Pottery
Liverpool's Forgotten Glory
Distributed for Liverpool University Press
288 pages
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150 color plates, 100 halftones
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7.4 x 9.6
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© 2005
The emergence of Herculaneum pottery in early nineteenth-century Liverpool marked a pivotal moment in the clay arts. This book provides a comprehensive history of Herculaneum pottery—highly sought after in North America—and its rapid rise to international prominence.
Renowned Liverpool porcelain collector Peter Hyland examines the pottery's relatively brief heyday from about 1800 to 1820. He then re-defines its niche within the wider context of the established Liverpool pottery tradition, which dates back to 1700. Liverpool's earthenware and porcelain were exported around the world, and Hyland investigates records to reveal the surprising extent to which the United States and Canada relied on Herculaneum for their fine wares. Ultimately, he considers why the pottery factory failed, showing how competition from Merseyside led to the factory's eventual closure in 1840.
Building on the seminal work of Alan Smith, Peter Hyland's study draws on new scholarly research and recent excavations to reveal the extensive range of wares and decorations made at the Herculaneum factory. This new edition is illustrated with a wealth of full-color images, and it will stand as the definitive text on Herculaneum pottery.
Renowned Liverpool porcelain collector Peter Hyland examines the pottery's relatively brief heyday from about 1800 to 1820. He then re-defines its niche within the wider context of the established Liverpool pottery tradition, which dates back to 1700. Liverpool's earthenware and porcelain were exported around the world, and Hyland investigates records to reveal the surprising extent to which the United States and Canada relied on Herculaneum for their fine wares. Ultimately, he considers why the pottery factory failed, showing how competition from Merseyside led to the factory's eventual closure in 1840.
Building on the seminal work of Alan Smith, Peter Hyland's study draws on new scholarly research and recent excavations to reveal the extensive range of wares and decorations made at the Herculaneum factory. This new edition is illustrated with a wealth of full-color images, and it will stand as the definitive text on Herculaneum pottery.
Contents
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
1. Potting in Liverpool
a. Background
b. Delftware
c. Porcelain
d. Staffordshire Developments
e. Creamware
f. Printing on Ceramics
g. Pearlware
h. Wedgwood and Liverpool
2. The Founding of Herculaneum
a. The New Pottery and its Founder
b. Samuel Worthington--the Man
c. The Pottery Site
d. Materials and Equipment
i. Fuel
ii. Clays
iii. Colours, Moulds etc
iv. Stone
v. Flint
vi. Bones
vii. Other Materials
e. Kilns and other Buildings
3. The Workforce
a. Recruitment from Staffordshire
b. Prominent Migrant Families
c. Life at Herculaneum
d. The Herculaneum Benefit Society
e. The Herculaneum Chapel
4. Early Management 1796 to 1806
5. Earthenwares and Stonewares 1796 to 1810
a. Earthenware Production Generally
b. Plain and Printed Pearlwares
c. Painted Pearlwares
d. Creamwares in General
e. Creamwares at Penrhyn
f. Transfer-printed Creamwares
g. Liverpool Jugs
h. Stonewares
i. Black Basalt Wares
j. Figures and Busts
k. Artistic Connections
6. Porcelains 1800 to 1810
a. Herculaneum Porcelains in General
i. The Beginning
ii. General Characteristics
iii. Glazes
iv. Patterns
b. Porcelain Tea Wares 1800 to 1810
i. Shapes Generally
ii. 'Silver' Shapes
iii. Tea Bowls
iv. 'Old Oval' Shapes
v. 'Round' Shape
7. The New Herculaneum Pottery Company
a. New Proprietors
b. Management Committee
c. Financial Affairs
i. Accounts
ii. Capital
iii. Dividends
iv. Debts
v. Insurance
8. Growth and Prosperity 1806 to 1821
a. Profits and Expansion
b. Workforce Recruitment
c. The Duke Street Warehouse
d. The Pottery Managers
i. Ralph Mansfield
ii. William Smith
e. Sailing Vessels
9. Wares 1810 to 1821
a. Transfer-printed Earthenwares
i. The Fashion for Transfer Printing
ii. 'India' Patterns
iii. 'British Views' Series
iv. Other Blue Patterns
v. Bat Printed Wares
b. Plain, Painted and Moulded Earthenwares
c. Porcelain Tea Wares 1810 to 1821
i . Introduction of 'New Oval' Shapes
ii. 'New Oval' Teapot, Creamer and Sugar Box
iii. Matching Cups, Saucers and Dishes
iv. Marks on 'New Oval' Shapes
v. Patterns on 'New Oval' Shapes
vi. 'Thumb-rest' Shapes
vii. 'London' Shapes
viii. 'Batchelor' or 'Dejeuner' Teapots
ix. 'Low Round' Shape
d. Dessert Wares
e. The Liverpool Corporation Service
f. Ornamental Porcelain
g. Herculaneum Artists
i. Employment Generally
ii. William Dixon
iii. John Edwards
iv. William Lovatt
v. Samuel Williams
10. Overseas and Coastal Trade
11. The 1821 Crisis
a. Policy Differences
b. Aftermath
c. Conclusions
12. Steady Decline 1822 to 1833
a. Management Changes
b. Archibald Mansfield and the Canning Street Pottery
c. Joseph Tomkinson's Records
13. Wares 1822 to 1836
a. Earthenwares
b. Porcelains
c. Production Generally
14. Renaissance 1833 to 1836
a. Pottery for Sale 1833
b. The Case and Mort Partnership
15. Wares 1833 to 1836
16. Final Years 1836 to 1840
a. The Mort and Simpson Partnership
b. The St. Helens Venture
c. Closure
d. The Herculaneum Site
17. Why did the Herculaneum Pottery Close
Appendix A: Herculaneum Factory Marks
Appendix B: Problem Pieces
Appendix C: A Visit to Herculaneum
Appendix D: List of Workmen
Appendix E: Extracts from the Tomkinson Papers
Index
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