Marine Macroecology
Pioneered in the late 1980s, the concept of macroecology—a framework for studying ecological communities with a focus on patterns and processes—revolutionized the field. Although this approach has been applied mainly to terrestrial ecosystems, there is increasing interest in quantifying macroecological patterns in the sea and understanding the processes that generate them. Taking stock of the current work in the field and advocating a research agenda for the decades ahead, Marine Macroecology draws together insights and approaches from a diverse group of scientists to show how marine ecology can benefit from the adoption of macroecological approaches.
Divided into three parts, Marine Macroecology first provides an overview of marine diversity patterns and offers case studies of specific habitats and taxonomic groups. In the second part, contributors focus on process-based explanations for marine ecological patterns. The third part presents new approaches to understanding processes driving the macroecolgical patterns in the sea. Uniting unique insights from different perspectives with the common goal of identifying and understanding large-scale biodiversity patterns, Marine Macroecology will inspire the next wave of marine ecologists to approach their research from a macroecological perspective.
“With the oceans covering two-thirds of the planet, the field of macroecology must have a strong marine component. This book provides the essential foundation of what is known, what needs to be discovered, and how this can be achieved. It contains sufficient ideas to inspire a generation of marine macroecologists.”—Kevin J. Gaston, University of Sheffield
“This volume compiles and synthesizes an impressive body of work in marine macroecology, most of it done in the last twenty years since the term macroecology was coined. The chapters and the studies cited in the book demonstrate why a big-picture, statistical framework is especially applicable to the oceans, where intensive local studies and experimental manipulations are difficult, but where standardized large-scale databases are providing a wealth of new data. Now it will be instructive to compare the macroecology of the marine and terrestrial realms: there are striking differences in physical environments and kinds of organisms, but equally striking similarities in patterns of abundance, distribution, and diversity.”—James H. Brown, University of New Mexico
Introduction
JON D. WITMAN AND KAUSTUV ROY
PART I: MACROECOLOGICAL PATTERNS IN THE SEA
1 Overview of Marine Biodiversity
JAMES W. VALENTINE
2 Plankton Populations and Communities
WILLIAM K . W. LI
3 Patterns in Deep- Sea Macroecology
CRAIG R. MCCLAIN, MICHAEL A . REX, AND RON J. ETTER
4 Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in the Shallow Marine Invertebrates: Patterns, Processes, and Prospects
KAUSTUV ROY AND JON D. WITMAN
5 Macroecological Patterns among Marine Fishes
ENRIQUE MACPHERSON, PHILIP A . HASTINGS, AND D. ROSS ROBERTSON
6 Marine Algal Communities
BERNABÉ SANTELICES, JOHN J. BOLTON, AND ISABEL MENESES
PART II: PROCESSES UNDERLYING MACROECOLOGICAL PATTERNS
7 Plankton—Not So Paradoxical After All
SEAN NEE AND GRAHAM STONE
8 Basin- Scale Oceanographic Infl uences on Marine Macroecological Patterns
JAMES J. LEICHTER AND JON D. WITMAN
9 Dispersal and Geographic Ranges in the Sea
STEVEN D. GAINES, SARAH E. LESTER, GINNY ECKERT, BRIAN P. KINLAN, RAFE SAGARIN, AND BRIAN GAYLORD
10 Temperature and Marine Macroecology
ANDREW CLARKE
11 Macroecological Theory and the Analysis of Species Richness Gradients
SEAN R. CONNOLLY
12 Macroecological Changes in Exploited Marine Systems
DEREK P. TITTENSOR, BORIS WORM, AND RANSOM A . MYERS
PART III: EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO MARINE MACROECOLOGY
13 Experimental Marine Macroecology: Progress and Prospects
JON D. WITMAN AND KAUSTUV ROY
14 Latitudinal Gradients in Species Interactions
ERIC SANFORD AND MARK D. BERTNESS
15 The Subtidal Ecology of Rocky Coasts: Local- Regional-Biogeographic Patterns and Their Experimental Analysis
SEAN D. CONNELL AND ANDREW D. IRVING
Contributors
Index
Biological Sciences: Biology--Systematics | Conservation | Ecology | Evolutionary Biology | Microbiology | Natural History | Paleobiology, Geology, and Paleontology | Physiology, Biomechanics, and Morphology
Earth Sciences: Oceanography and Hydrology | Paleontology
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