Colonial Madness

Psychiatry in French North Africa

Cloth $75.00 ISBN: 9780226429724 Published May 2007

Paper $30.00 ISBN: 9780226429731 Published May 2007

E-book $7.00 to $30.00 About E-books ISBN: 9780226429779 Published September 2008

Nineteenth-century French writers and travelers imagined Muslim colonies in North Africa to be realms of savage violence, lurid sexuality, and primitive madness. Colonial Madness traces the genealogy and development of this idea from the beginnings of colonial expansion to the present, revealing the ways in which psychiatry has been at once a weapon in the arsenal of colonial racism, an innovative branch of medical science, and a mechanism for negotiating the meaning of difference for republican citizenship.

Drawing from extensive archival research and fieldwork in France and North Africa, Richard Keller offers much more than a history of colonial psychology. Colonial Madness explores the notion of what French thinkers saw as an inherent mental, intellectual, and behavioral rift marked by the Mediterranean, as well as the idea of the colonies as an experimental space freed from the limitations of metropolitan society and reason. These ideas have modern relevance, Keller argues, reflected in French thought about race and debates over immigration and France’s postcolonial legacy.

Review Quotes
Contents

“Postcolonial studies has frequently looked to North African Francophone materials for its understanding of the psychological impact of colonialism. Now we know why. Keller brilliantly gives us a context for understanding such figures as Frantz Fanon, as well as showing how metropolitan histories of mental health are fundamentally lacking. He

does not only give a history of the understanding and treatment of madness in North Africa. This richly informative book also shows how no story of modern madness is complete without a thorough understanding of the constitutive role colonialism has played in its formation and treatment. Thoroughly researched, well-written, and brilliantly argued, Keller shows that there were both disciplinary and utopian ideas that emerged from North Africa about madness, and how these came to inform medical science, literary texts, architecture, and the concept of the human on both sides of the Mediterranean.”—Ranjana Khanna, Duke University

"A fascinating look at the intentions and realities of the so-called civilizing mission. Richard Keller’s book is a rich and complex history of the way psychiatrists understood their patients, both European and North African, in the shifting sands of the colonial relationship.”—Tanya Luhrmann, University of Chicago

"This book is about far more than the title implies. It is actually about the psychology of the colonial encounter itself, and what a damning account it is. . . . One of the most interesting and innovative analyses of colonial medicine I have read...fascinating."—Nancy E. Gallagher, International Journal of African Historical Studies

“A sophisticated account of colonial psychiatry's development as a social practice with enduring implications for the 'global present'. . . . Keller could have written a medical history focused on practitioners. Instead he restores to the historical record the very subjectvity denied North African patients by their doctors. The choices of literary luminaries such as Kateb Yacine (whose mother was a psychiatric patient) join those captured through a remarkable reading between the lines of doctors' notebooks.”—Mary D. Lewis, Times Literary Supplement

"Keller's study fills an important gap in the extant literature while offering surprising and innovative insights into the relationship between colony and metropole with a particular focus on French rule in North Africa. . . . Keller has produced an important,. innovative, and interesting work of scholarship solidly grounded in archival research, and inflected with literary analysis. . . . The book is sure to become standard reading for anyone interested in the history of psychiatry or French colonialism."."—James E. Genova, International History Review

"Keller's inventive methodology and deft use of a diverse source base makes this work relevant to all historians of colonial experience. . . . Keller's brilliant history tells a new story of science in North Africa and offers the first bridge across the disciplinary divide in North African studies between history and anthropology."—Ellen Amster, Middle East Journal

"An intellectual and interdisciplinary tour de force."

"[The book] will be as informative to historians of psychiatry as it will be useful to literary critics of Maghrebian francophonie. . . . A rich historical perspective on colonial psychiatry and its lingering legacy to the politics of ethnic diversity in the Francophone world."—Vernon A Rosario, H-France

"Combining an intellectual history of clinical practice and scientific theory with a social and cultural history of the institution and experience of psychiatry in a colonial context, Richard Keller's book is a valuable contribution both to the comparative history of medicine and to the critical history of colonialism."

"Keller has written a very important book that not only offers new understandings of French colonialism . . . but more generally demonstrates how knowledge and science, race and power, were insinuated into the emerging field of psychiatry. . . . Keller's study should be required reading for scholars and students concerned with French colonialism in the Maghreb and globally, with comparative empires, and with the history of science, medicine, and race. But it is also important for a more general readership curious and courageous enough to draw lessons from Keller's research . . . to comprehend where America is right now, how we got here, and what the future holds for our own empire."

"A meticulous study that should be of interest to French and African historians alike."

"[Keller's] research is impeccable in its detail, based on published and archival sources that are not exxplored by other scholars. . . . Perhaps best of all, Keller shows how the problems of colonial psychiatry are found still in contemporary European centres through the issues of immigration. . . . [Keller] knows what is going on in the European centres as well. This fact alone makes Keller's contribution one of outstanding significance in this area of the historiography of psychiatry, and should be a benchmark that other historians aim to reach."

Contents

     Acknowledgements

     Introduction

1   Pinel in the Maghreb: Liberation and Confinement in a Landscape of Sickness

2   Shaping Colonial Psychiatry: Geographies of Innovation and Economies of Care

3   Spaces of Experimentation, Sites of Contestation: Doctors, Patients, and Treatments

4   Between Clinical and Useful Knowledge: Race, Ethnicity, and the Conquest of the "Primitive"

5   Violence, Resistance, and the Poetics of Suffering: Colonial Madness between Franz Fanon and Kateb Yacine

6   Underdevelopment, Migration, and Dislocation: Postcolonial Histories of Colonial Psychiatry

     Conclusion

     Notes
     Bibliography
     Index

For more information, or to order this book, please visit http://www.press.uchicago.edu

African Studies

Black Studies

Culture Studies

History: African History | European History

History of Science

Political Science: Public Policy

Psychiatry

Sociology: Race, Ethnic, and Minority Relations

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