Cloth $70.00 ISBN: 9780226069883 Published January 2006
Paper $27.50 ISBN: 9780226069890 Published January 2006

Campaigning for Hearts and Minds

How Emotional Appeals in Political Ads Work

Ted Brader

 Campaigning for Hearts and Minds
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Ted Brader

280 pages | 52 halftones, 30 line drawings, 14 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2006
Cloth $70.00 ISBN: 9780226069883 Published January 2006
Paper $27.50 ISBN: 9780226069890 Published January 2006
It is common knowledge that televised political ads are meant to appeal to voters' emotions, yet little is known about how or if these tactics actually work. Ted Brader's innovative book is the first scientific study to examine the effects that these emotional appeals in political advertising have on voter decision-making. 

At the heart of this book are ingenious experiments, conducted by Brader during an election, with truly eye-opening results that upset conventional wisdom. They show, for example, that simply changing the music or imagery of ads while retaining the same text provokes completely different responses. He reveals that politically informed citizens are more easily manipulated by emotional appeals than less-involved citizens and that positive "enthusiasm ads" are in fact more polarizing than negative "fear ads." Black-and-white video images are ten times more likely to signal an appeal to fear or anger than one of enthusiasm or pride, and the emotional appeal triumphs over the logical appeal in nearly three-quarters of all political ads.

Brader backs up these surprising findings with an unprecedented survey of emotional appeals in contemporary political campaigns. Politicians do set out to campaign for the hearts and minds of voters, and, for better or for worse, it is primarily through hearts that minds are won. Campaigning for Hearts and Minds will be indispensable for anyone wishing to understand how American politics is influenced by advertising today.

“Ted Brader has written an illuminating analysis of the emotional basis of political advertising and the strategic calculus guiding politicians’ use of ads appealing to enthusiasm and fear. His counterintuitive research findings overturn conventional wisdom and show that positive ads can polarize and negative can inform.”--Samuel L. Popkin, author of The Reasoning Voter





“Written in an accessible and engaging style, Campaigning for Hearts and Minds exposes the gap between political practice, in which emotional appeals in advertising are commonplace, and political science, which, in its fascination with cognition, content, and strategic reasoning, has all but neglected them. This book tests, for the first time, basic propositions about how emotional appeals affect voters’ preferences and behavior. It reminds us of the practical significance of social science and of the theoretical significance of solid experimental results.”--Donald Green, coauthor of Partisan Hearts and Minds



 



“Brader brings experimental methods to the study of television political campaign ads for real candidates in a real election campaign. His detailed exploration uncovers a rich array of findings that challenges many conventional beliefs about how campaign ads impact voters. Campaigning for Hearts and Minds is a rich, lucid exploration of many old and new accounts that makes an important and timely contribution for scholars and practitioners alike.”--George E. Marcus, author of The Sentimental Citizen



 



“A terrific book. Brader takes contemporary political psychology to campaign ads and discovers something novel in the process. Emotions matter—but not in the ways we commonly suppose. Brader’s book breaks our reliance on that easy understanding and forces us to think more consciously about how images, emotions, cognitions, and political choices are bound together.”--Michael MacKuen, coauthor of Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment

 



 



“Brader examines the role emotion plays in political commercials in Campaigning for Hearts and Minds. [He] finds that although some campaign television spots, such as LBJ’s 1964 ‘Daisy Girl’ ad, aimed to strike fear into people and thus influence their vote, there are also subtle and less manipulative ways emotions are used in politics. . . . Based on his own and other studies, Brader writes that anxiety produced by ads that incite fear is a motivating force in politics. And while negative ads, ones that critique, smear, or strike fear into voters are often perceived as a bad element of politics, they are often persuasive. Brader argues that playing on viewers’ feelings will help to reinvigorate campaigns and politics as a whole.”



“Brader guides the reader through the study of political advertising and makes the case that although many studies have been done, few have systematically analyzed the role of emotion in political campaigns. The author seeks to close this gap through the content analysis of more than 1,400 political ads and an experimental investigation of the effect different type of ads have upon citizens. His work is both timely and original. The findings suggest that negatively charged ads cause citizens to conduct more research on their own. Enthusiastic appeals work to motivate committed voters to political action on behalf of their candidate.”



"Brader impressively . . . probe[s] the age-old concern of whether politicians can manipulate emotional whims to their advantage. . . . Campaigning for Hearts and Minds shows the methodological state of the art in political communication research."—James N. Druckman, Science

 



"Absolutely brilliant. . . . [Campaigning for Hearts and Minds] assembles and probes a wide range of quantitative and qualitative information. As Brader tells his story, he also succinctly summarizes five decades of voting behavior research as well as recent psychological investigations of how the human brain processes affective information."--St. Louis Journalism Review

 



"With innovative, real-world experiments and an expansive content analysis built on solid theoretical foundations, Ted Brader offers a fresh look at how emotional appeals both stir and deter viewers' responses. By focusing on affect . . . [the book] is an important read for political communication scholars, political practitioners, and citizens. . . . Moves us a giant step forward in understanding the significant effects of affect. As Brader observes, 'It is an exciting time in the study of political advertising.' Brader's book fans this excitement and is thought provoking. I suppose one could say that it appeals to readers' hearts and minds."—Josh Compton, Journal of Communication


"The methodology, data and argument are presented in a clear, easily accessible and informative manner while maintaining academic rigour. . . . A welcome addition."--Tobias Jung, Political Studies Review


Contents
List of Tables and Figures
Acknowledgments
1. Appealing to Hopes and Fears
2. The Art and Science of Campaigning
3. The Political Psychology of Emotional Appeals
4. Emotion and the Motivational Power of Campaign Ads
5. Emotion and the Persuasive Power of Campaign Ads
6. Emotional Appeals in Ad Campaigns
7. Hearts and Minds: Rethinking the Role of Emotion in Political Life
Appendix A. Experiments: Question Wording and Sample
Appendix B. Multivariate Statistical Analyses: Full Results
Appendix C. Advertising Content Analysis: Coding Rules
Notes
References
Index
For more information, or to order this book, please visit http://www.press.uchicago.edu
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