Citizen
Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy
Citizen covers the first half of Addams's life, from 1860 to 1899. Knight recounts how Addams, a child of a wealthy family in rural northern Illinois, longed for a life of larger purpose. She broadened her horizons through education, reading, and travel, and, after receiving an inheritance upon her father's death, moved to Chicago in 1889 to co-found Hull House, the city's first settlement house. Citizen shows vividly what the settlement house actually was—a neighborhood center for education and social gatherings—and describes how Addams learned of the abject working conditions in American factories, the unchecked power wielded by employers, the impact of corrupt local politics on city services, and the intolerable limits placed on women by their lack of voting rights. These experiences, Knight makes clear, transformed Addams. Always a believer in democracy as an abstraction, Addams came to understand that this national ideal was also a life philosophy and a mandate for civic activism by all.
As her story unfolds, Knight astutely captures the enigmatic Addams's compassionate personality as well as her flawed human side. Written in a strong narrative voice, Citizen is an insightful portrait of the formative years of a great American leader.
“My only complaint about the book is that there wasn’t more of it. . . . Knight honors Addams as an American original.”—Kathleen Dalton, Chicago Tribune
Illinois State Historical Society: Russell Strange Memorial Book Award
Won
“Jane Addams was the most prominent woman leader in America during the first third of the twentieth century. More than any other book to date, Citizen explains how she achieved that status and why her story continues to resonate for those women and men who still believe that democracy is more than an illusion.”--Joseph J. Ellis, author of His Excellency: George Washington
“Louise Knight’s passion for her subject has produced a powerful biography of Jane Addams that releases America’s best-known reformer from the limiting stereotype of selfless do-gooder. In Citizen, Knight gives a compelling and nuanced account of how Addams found her way onto the stage of American public life, ultimately making herself a prime actor in the national drama of reform politics at the height of the Progressive era. Knight’s exhaustive search through primary source material has yielded a multifacted portrait of a fully human, profoundly compassionate, and dedicated activist that offers fresh insight into an earlier time and much-needed inspiration in our own.”—Megan Marshall, author of The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism
“This superb biography opens up whole new vistas in our exploration of Jane Addams, the Progressive Era, and, indeed, all of modern American democracy. Citizen is a splendid biography that is both deeply loving and, when necessary, suitably critical. While building on the impressive recent outpouring of scholarship on Addams, Louise Knight offers original and persuasive interpretations at every turn. The result is a major triumph that should be of interest not only to historians but also to members of the general public that Jane Addams herself so effectively engaged politically and intellectually.”—Robert Johnston, author of The Radical Middle Class
“Jane Addams’s life and words have a spellbinding power, and Louise Knight’s wonderful biography of her captures that passion. At this distressing moment in American political history, it is a pleasure to read in detail about the life of such a deeply admirable woman who found her way through a troubling and tumultuous era. Citizen is an excellent and compelling book.”—Rebecca Edwards, author of Angels in the Machinery: Gender in American Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era
“A masterful and compelling take on an American original. In this volume we watch, fascinated, as a middle-class daughter turns her own private doubt and pain into profound insight about public events.”--Leon Fink, author of Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I: The Given Life, 1860-88
One: Self-Reliance, 1822-60
Two: Three Mothers, 1860-73
Three: Dreams, 1873-77
Four: Ambition, 1877-81
Five: Failure, 1881-83
Six: Culture, 1883-86
Seven: Crisis, 1886-88
Part II: The Chosen Life, 1889-99
Eight: Chicago, 1889
Nine: Halsted Street, 1889-91
Ten: Fellowship, 1892
Eleven: Baptism, 1893
Twelve: Cooperation, 1893-94
Thirteen: Claims, 1894
Fourteen: Justice, 1895
Fifteen: Democracy, 1896-98
Sixteen: Ethics, 1898-99
Afterword: Scholarship and Jane Addams
List of Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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