Cloth $35.00 ISBN: 9780226446998 Published November 2005
Paper $22.50 ISBN: 9780226447001 Published October 2006
E-book $7.00 to $18.00 About E-books ISBN: 9780226447018 Published September 2008

Citizen

Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy

Louise W. Knight

 Citizen
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Louise W. Knight

598 pages | 45 halftones | 6 x 9 | © 2005
Cloth $35.00 ISBN: 9780226446998 Published November 2005
Paper $22.50 ISBN: 9780226447001 Published October 2006
E-book $7.00 to $18.00 About E-books ISBN: 9780226447018 Published September 2008
Jane Addams was the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Now Citizen, Louise W. Knight's masterful biography, reveals Addams's early development as a political activist and social philosopher.  In this book we observe a powerful mind grappling with the radical ideas of her age, most notably the ever-changing meanings of democracy. 

Citizen covers the first half of Addams's life, from 1860 to 1899. Knight recounts how Addams, a child of a wealthy family in rural northern Illinois, longed for a life of larger purpose. She broadened her horizons through education, reading, and travel, and, after receiving an inheritance upon her father's death, moved to Chicago in 1889 to co-found Hull House, the city's first settlement house. Citizen shows vividly what the settlement house actually was—a neighborhood center for education and social gatherings—and describes how Addams learned of the abject working conditions in American factories, the unchecked power wielded by employers, the impact of corrupt local politics on city services, and the intolerable limits placed on women by their lack of voting rights. These experiences, Knight makes clear, transformed Addams. Always a believer in democracy as an abstraction, Addams came to understand that this national ideal was also a life philosophy and a mandate for civic activism by all. 

As her story unfolds, Knight astutely captures the enigmatic Addams's compassionate personality as well as her flawed human side. Written in a strong narrative voice, Citizen is an insightful portrait of the formative years of a great American leader.
“Knight’s decision to focus on Addams’s early years is a stroke of genius. We know a great deal about Jane Addams the public figure. We know relatively little about how she made the transition from the 19th century to the 20th. In Knight’s book, Jane Addams comes to life. . . . Citizen is written neither to make money nor to gain academic tenure; it is a gift, meant to enlighten and improve. Jane Addams would have understood.”—Alan Wolfe, New York Times Book Review 

“My only complaint about the book is that there wasn’t more of it. . . .  Knight honors Addams as an American original.”—Kathleen Dalton, Chicago Tribune 

Illinois State Historical Society: Russell Strange Memorial Book Award
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“Jane Addams was the most prominent woman leader in America during the first third of the twentieth century. More than any other book to date, Citizen explains how she achieved that status and why her story continues to resonate for those women and men who still believe that democracy is more than an illusion.”--Joseph J. Ellis, author of His Excellency: George Washington



“Louise Knight’s passion for her subject has produced a powerful biography of Jane Addams that releases America’s best-known reformer from the limiting stereotype of selfless do-gooder. In Citizen, Knight gives a compelling and nuanced account of how Addams found her way onto the stage of American public life, ultimately making herself a prime actor in the national drama of reform politics at the height of the Progressive era.  Knight’s exhaustive search through primary source material has yielded a multifacted portrait of a fully human, profoundly compassionate, and dedicated activist that offers fresh insight into an earlier time and much-needed inspiration in our own.”—Megan Marshall, author of The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism



“This superb biography opens up whole new vistas in our exploration of Jane Addams, the Progressive Era, and, ­indeed­, all of modern American democracy. Citizen is a splendid biography that is both deeply loving and, when necessary, suitably critical. While building on the impressive recent outpouring of scholarship on Addams, Louise Knight offers original and persuasive interpretations at every turn. The result is a major triumph that should be of interest not only to historians but also to members of the general public that Jane Addams herself so effectively engaged politically and intellectually.”—Robert Johnston, author of The Radical Middle Class



“Jane Addams’s life and words have a spellbinding power, and Louise Knight’s wonderful biography of her captures that passion. At this distressing moment in American political history, it is a pleasure to read in detail about the life of such a deeply admirable woman who found her way through a troubling and tumultuous era. Citizen is an excellent and compelling book.”—Rebecca Edwards, author of Angels in the Machinery: Gender in American Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era



“A masterful and compelling take on an American original. In this volume we watch, fascinated, as a middle-class daughter turns her own private doubt and pain into profound insight about public events.”--Leon Fink, author of Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment



“For anyone feeling confused or despairing about the world’s dangers and divisions, Louise Knight has arrived in the nick of time with a biography of Jane Addams. Whether the problem was hostility toward the female half of the world or sweat shops, class and race divisions or a love of war, Jane Addams took them all on—with enough success to become the first female American to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. By focusing on the first half of her life, Citizen gives us just what we need to realize that our struggle for cooperative justice and democracy has both precedent and hope.”—Gloria Steinem

 


“My only complaint about the book is that there wasn’t more of it. . . . It is an epic Chicago story that every city history buff should read.”—Kathleen Dalton, Chicago Tribune (Best of 2005)


“Knight’s decision to focus on Addams’ early years is a stroke of genius. We know a great deal about Jane Addams the public figure. We know relatively little about how she made the transition from the 19th century to the 20th. In Knight’s book, Jane Addams comes to life. . . . Citizen is written neither to make money nor to gain academic tenure; it is a gift, meant to enlighten and improve. Jane Addams would have understood.”—Alan Wolfe, New York Times Book Review


“Louise W. Knight’s excellent book makes the case for Addams as a preeminent social thinker and a masterful politician. Knight will have none of Saint Jane; and her biography should forever dispel the lingering assumption that Addams was the church lady of progressivism. She gives us instead a woman who took up residence—quite literally, when she rented Hull House—in the life of her times, eschewing the limits (and the protections) of her sex and refusing to don the veil of Christian charity. Addams entered into the afflictions and aspirations of poor people, and from there she pushed, uninvited, into the back rooms where politicians made the decisions that pressed on poor people’s lives.”—Christine Stansell, New Republic


“Impressive [and] insightful.”—June Purvis, Times Higher Education Supplement


"[Citizen] is enviably well-written and deeply engrossing, and a considerable addition to the literature, not just on an extraordinary woman, but on an extraordinary epoch."—Alan Ryan, New York Review of Books


"Knight has produced what she calls a 'half-life' of Addams, culminating in 1899. . . . The book is nevertheless the best biography of Addams ever written."--Joel Schwartz, Philanthropy


Citizen is like a good vacation; once the book is started, one hopes it will go one forever. . . . In many ways, Citizen is the story of Addams’s intellectual journey. Much of the book is a detailed description and analysis of what Addams was reading and thinking about from her teenage years on through adulthood. I say that with some hesitation for fear that prospective readers will think the book too heady. But that is precisely the miracle of Citizen, for one comes away feeling intimately connected with Addams and her struggles.”—Susan Kerr Chandler, Social Service Review  


“Knight succeeds in her efforts to place Addams within the context of her philosophical development. Her study does not shy away from examining Addams’ ambition, her complicated personal relationships, and her prejudices. Knight’s careful dissection of every element of Addams’s transformation from a typical member of her class to an exceptional reformer only serves to further emphasize Addams’s significance to the history of women and to American history in general.”—Katherine G. Aiken, American Historical Review


"A picture of the persons and experiences that had shaped Addams, from a rather conservative and provincial member of the upper middle class into an outstanding spokesperson for peace, social change, and democracy. . . . Knight covers complicated issues with grace and clarity. However many books one may have read about Jane Addams, this is one not to be missed."—Margaret Hope Bacon, Friends Journal


“[A] remarkably respectful intellectual biography that adds significantly to our understanding and appreciation of Addams and her times and will be of special interest to scholars of the Progressive Era, women’s activism, urban history, and pragmatism.”— Ruth Crocker, Historian


"Citizen offers a significant contribution to the scholarship on this complicated woman and furthers our understanding of democracy."


Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I: The Given Life, 1860-88
One: Self-Reliance, 1822-60
Two: Three Mothers, 1860-73
Three: Dreams, 1873-77
Four: Ambition, 1877-81
Five: Failure, 1881-83
Six: Culture, 1883-86
Seven: Crisis, 1886-88
Part II: The Chosen Life, 1889-99
Eight: Chicago, 1889
Nine: Halsted Street, 1889-91
Ten: Fellowship, 1892
Eleven: Baptism, 1893
Twelve: Cooperation, 1893-94
Thirteen: Claims, 1894
Fourteen: Justice, 1895
Fifteen: Democracy, 1896-98
Sixteen: Ethics, 1898-99
Afterword: Scholarship and Jane Addams
List of Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
Index
For more information, or to order this book, please visit http://www.press.uchicago.edu
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