Africa as a Living Laboratory
Empire, Development, and the Problem of Scientific Knowledge, 1870-1950
Tropical Africa was one of the last regions of the world to experience formal European colonialism, a process that coincided with the advent of a range of new scientific specialties and research methods. Africa as a Living Laboratory is a far-reaching study of the thorny relationship between imperialism and the role of scientific expertise—environmental, medical, racial, and anthropological—in the colonization of British Africa.
A key source for Helen Tilley’s analysis is the African Research Survey, a project undertaken in the 1930s to explore how modern science was being applied to African problems. This project both embraced and recommended an interdisciplinary approach to research on Africa that, Tilley argues, underscored the heterogeneity of African environments and the interrelations among the problems being studied. While the aim of British colonialists was unquestionably to transform and modernize Africa, their efforts, Tilley contends, were often unexpectedly subverted by scientific concerns with the local and vernacular. Meticulously researched and gracefully argued, Africa as a Living Laboratory transforms our understanding of imperial history, colonial development, and the role science played in both.
“This is an ingenious book that will establish Helen Tilley as a considerable authority in the field. It presents a real opportunity for systematic historical revision of many received models of the processes of long-term economic and scientific development in a key field of colonial and postcolonial importance. Tilley’s unusually rich and sensitive exploration of primary materials and firm grounding in the existing literature will help students and scholars reorient their understanding of the crucial roles scientific agencies played both in imperial administration and economic development.”—Simon Schaffer, University of Cambridge
“Africa as a Living Laboratory is an extremely ambitious book about the history of the production of knowledge about medicine, the environment, ethnography, geography, and race in British colonial Africa. It may prove somewhat controversial in its conclusions, but Helen Tilley’s scholarship is impeccable. Historians of science and medicine and historians and anthropologists of Africa, as well as colonialism in general, will be fascinated by what she has to say.”--Steven Feierman, University of Pennsylvania
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Africa as a Living Laboratory
ONE / An Imperial Laboratory: Scientific Societies, Geopolitics, and Territorial Acquisitions
TWO / A Development Laboratory: The African Research Survey, the Machinery of Knowledge, and Imperial Coordination
THREE / An Environmental Laboratory: “Native” Agriculture, Tropical Infertility, and Ecological Models of Development
FOUR / A Medical Laboratory: Infectious Diseases, Ecological Methods, and Modernization
FIVE / A Racial Laboratory: Imperial Politics, Race Prejudice, and Mental Capacity
SIX / An Anthropological Laboratory: Ethnographic Research, Imperial Administration, and Magical Knowledge
SEVEN / A Living Laboratory: Ethnoscience, Technoscience, and Field Science
Appendix: African Colonial Service Employment, 1913–51
Notes
BibliographyAnthropology: General Anthropology
History: African History | British History
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