The Places Where Men Pray Together

List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Preface
Explanatory Notes
Matters of Definition
Orthographical and Related Matters
The Islamic Date
Bibliographical Matters
PART I: Introduction
1. The Roots of Islamic Society
Arabia of the Jahiliyah
Al-Hijaz
A'rab and Hadari
Tribal Organization
The Role of Reciprocity
The Ghazu
External Trade
"The Mother of Settlements"
Religion of the Badu
The Quraysh
Makkan Commerce
Fairs
Muhammad's Message
Consolidation of Quraysh Authority
The Hums
Muhammad's Opposition
Characterisitics of Makkah
Yathrib (al-Madinah)
The Constitution of Madinah
The Madinan Confederacy
Extending the Hizb Allah
Al-Ta'if
Urbanism in the Jahili Hijaz
2. The Shaping of Urban Systems in the Islamic World
The Expansion of Islam
Campaigns of Conquest
Continuing Expansion
Evolution of Islamic Institutions
Extension of the Empire under the Umayyads
The Great Tamsir
Amsar
Al-Basrah
Al-Kufah
Al-Fustat
The Process of Sedentarization
Ribats
Princely and Dynastic Foundations
Baghdad
North Africa
Other New Foundations
Spontaneously Generated Cities
Cities Modified by Muslim Occupation
3. Preliminaries
The Concept of the Urban System
The Spatial Expression of the Settlement System
The Vertical Organization of the Settlement Hierarchy
Primary Sources for the Study of Tenth-Century Middle Eastern Urban Systems
Al-Maqdisi
Al-Maqdisi's Sources
Al-Istakhri and Ibn Hawqal
Hudud al-'Alam
Al-Hamdani
Al-Mas'udi and His Contemporaries
Other Sources
The Urban Systems
Al-Maqdisi's Criteria for Urban Status
Al-Maqdisi's Urban Hierarchies
Relative Sizes of Cities
PART II: Urban Systems in the Islamic World, Seventh through the Tenth Centuries
4. The Urban System in al-'Iraq
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Religious Centers
The Sacral Hierarchy
Makkah as the Epitome
Urban Centers on the Diyala Plains
Commentary
Arab Settlements
Agricultural Development
5. The Urban System in Aqur (al-Jazirah)
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
The Urban System
Christian Communities
Hamdanid Rule
6. The Urban System in al-Sham
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
Northern Strongholds
The Emerging Urban System
Eastern Cities
Transformation of the Urban System
7. The Urban System in the Jazirah of the Arabs
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Religious Centers
Commentary
The Hijaz
The Haraman
The Yaman
'Uman
8. The Urban System in al-Jibal
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Religious Centers
Commentary
Fortified Settlements
'Abbasid Settlement
9. The Urban System in Khuzistan
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Religious Centers
Commentary

10. The Urban System in Fars
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
11. The Urban System in Kirman
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
12. The Urban System in al-Rihab
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
13. The Urban System in al-Daylam
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
14. The Urban System in al-Mashriq
Khurasan
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Transoxania
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
Khurasan
Transoxania
15. The Urban System in Misr
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Industrial and Craft Centers
Fortified Settlements
Religious Centers
Commentary
16. The Urban System in al-Maghrib
North Africa
Marketing and Service Centers
Transportation Foci
Indu