| -aco |
|
is a pejorative suffix: pajarraco
‘ugly bird’ (from pájaro ‘bird’), libraco ‘large,
bulky book’ (libro ‘book’) |
| -ada |
a. |
attaches to verbal stems to indicate
an action: mirada ‘look’ (mirar ‘to look’), empujada
‘push’ (empujar ‘to push’) |
|
b. |
attaches to noun stems to indicate a
blow: cachetada ‘blow on the cheek’ (cachete ‘cheek’),
puñalada ‘stab with a dagger’ (puñal
‘dagger’) |
|
c. |
attaches to nominal stems to indicate
an action characteristic of a person or group: bobada ‘foolish
act’ (bobo ‘fool’), niñada ‘childish act’ (niño
‘child’) |
-al,
-ar |
|
attach to nouns indicating trees to form
nouns that denote a grove: naranjal ‘orange grove’ (from
naranjo ‘orange tree’), pinar ‘pine grove’ (pino
‘pine tree’) |
| -azo |
|
attaches to noun stems, forming nouns
that indicate |
|
a. |
augmentation: hombrazo ‘big man’
(hombre ‘man’), marranazo ‘large hog’ (marrano
‘hog’) |
|
b. |
a blow or explosion: porrazo ‘blow
with a club’ (porra ‘club’), cañonazo ‘cannon
shot’ (cañón ‘cannon’) |
| -cito |
|
is a diminutive suffix: cochecito
‘a little car’ (coche ‘car’), mujercita ‘little woman’
(mujer ‘woman’) |
| -dor |
|
forms agent nouns from verbs: hablador
‘talker’ (hablar ‘to talk’), regulador ‘regulator’ (regular
‘to regulate’), which are sometimes used as adjectives: hablador
‘talkative’, regulador ‘regulating’ |
| -ejo |
|
is a pejorative suffix: librejo
‘worthless book’ (libro ‘book’), lugarejo ‘Podunk’
(lugar ‘place’) |
| -ería |
|
attaches to noun stems to denote |
|
a. |
a place where something is made or sold:
zapatería ‘shoestore’ (zapato ‘shoe’), pastelería
‘pastry shop’ (pastel ‘pastry’) |
|
b. |
a profession, business, or occupation:
carpintería ‘carpentry’ (carpintero ‘carpenter’),
ingeniería ‘engineering’ (ingeniero ‘engineer’) |
|
c. |
a group: chiquillería ‘bunch
of children’ (chiquillo ‘little kid’) |
| -ero |
a. |
attaches to nouns to indicate a person
who makes, sells, or is in charge of something: librero ‘bookseller’
(libro ‘book’), zapatero ‘shoemaker’ (zapato
‘shoe’), carcelero ‘jailer’ (cárcel ‘jail’)
|
|
b. |
attaches to nominal stems to form adjectives:
guerrero ‘warlike’ (guerra ‘war’), conejero
‘for hunting rabbits’ (conejo ‘rabbit’) |
-ez,
-eza |
|
are used to make abstract nouns from adjectival
bases: vejez ‘old age’ (viejo ‘old’), niñez
‘childhood’ (niño ‘child’), grandeza ‘greatness’
(grande ‘large, great’), rareza ‘rarity’ (raro
‘rare’) |
| -ía |
|
forms adjective abstracts: valentía
‘courage’ (valiente ‘brave’), cobardía ‘cowardice’
(cobarde ‘coward’) |
| -ico |
|
is a diminutive suffix: ratico
‘little while’ (rato ‘while’), momentico ‘brief moment’
(momento ‘moment’) |
| -(i)ento |
|
attaches to adjectives to indicate attenuation,
as in amarillento ‘yellowish’ (amarillo ‘yellow’),
or an undesirable quality, as in hambriento ‘hungry’ (hambre ‘hunger’) |
| -illo |
|
is sometimes a diminutive suffix: politiquillo
‘insignificant politician’ (político ‘politician’),
chiquillo ‘little kid’ (chico ‘child’) |
| -ísimo |
|
attaches to adjectives to indicate an
extreme degree of a quality: hermosísimo ‘very beautiful’
(hermoso ‘beautiful’) |
| -ito |
|
is a diminutive suffix: librito
‘small book’ (libro ‘book’), casita ‘little house’
(casa ‘house’) |
| -izo |
|
forms adjectives from nominal stems, indicating
a tendency or attenuation: rojizo ‘reddish’ (rojo ‘red’),
olvidadizo ‘forgetful’ (olvidar ‘to forget’) |
| -mente |
|
is the adverbial ending attached to the
feminine form of the adjective: generosamente ‘generously’
(generoso ‘generous’), claramente ‘clearly’ (claro
‘clear’) |
| -ón |
a. |
is an augmentative adjectival suffix:
barrigón ‘pot-bellied’ (barriga ‘belly’),
cabezón ‘large-headed’ (cabeza ‘head’) |
|
b. |
attaches to verb stems to denote sudden
actions: tirón ‘pull, jerk’ (tirar ‘to pull’),
apretón ‘push’ (apretar ‘to push’) |
| -oso |
|
forms adjectives from nouns, indicating
abundance or character: rocoso ‘rocky’ (roca ‘rock’),
tormentoso ‘stormy’ (tormenta ‘storm’) |
-ote,
-ota |
|
is an augmentative and pejorative suffix
attached to nouns: discursote ‘long, boring speech’ (discurso
‘speech’), narizota ‘big ugly nose’ (nariz ‘nose’) |
| -udo |
|
forms adjectives from nouns, indicating
an excess: peludo ‘hairy’ (pelo ‘hair’), panzudo
‘big-bellied’ (panza ‘belly’) |
| -ura |
|
forms abstract nouns from adjectives:
negrura ‘blackness’ (negro ‘black’), altura
‘height’ (alto ‘high’) |
| -uzco |
|
forms adjectives from other adjectives,
indicating attenuation: blancuzco ‘whitish’ (blanco
‘white’), negruzco ‘blackish’ (negro ‘black’) |
